Concrete Admixture Pollution Problem

In building construction, in order to speed up the solidification of concrete and prevent freezing in winter construction, admixtures such as high-alkali concrete expansion agents and concrete antifreeze containing urea and ammonia are added to the concrete. Such admixtures containing a large amount of ammonia substances are used in walls. As temperature and other environmental factors change, it is reduced to ammonia and slowly released from the wall, causing a large increase in the concentration of ammonia in the indoor air. Especially in summer, when the temperature is high, ammonia is released from the wall quickly, causing the indoor air ammonia concentration to seriously exceed the standard.
Ammonia gas has extremely high solubility, so it is often adsorbed on the skin, mucous membranes and eye conjunctiva, causing irritation and inflammation. Ammonia gas can paralyze the cilia of the respiratory tract and damage mucosal epithelial tissue, making it easier for pathogenic microorganisms to invade and weakening the body's resistance to disease. After being inhaled into the lungs, ammonia easily enters the blood through the alveoli and combines with hemoglobin to destroy the oxygen transport function. After inhaling a large amount of ammonia gas in a short period of time, symptoms such as tearing, sore throat, hoarseness, cough, chest tightness, and difficulty in exhalation will occur. In severe cases, pulmonary edema, adult respiratory distress syndrome, and respiratory tract irritation symptoms may occur.